Final Results for the year ended 31 December 2018
                           13 March 2019
ECSC Group plc
('ECSC' or the 'Company' or the 'Group')
Final Results for the year ended 31 December 2018
ECSC Group plc (AIM: ECSC)Â a leading provider of cyber security services, announces its audited final results for the year ended 31 December 2018.
Highlights
·     Organic revenue growth of 35% to £5.4m (2017: 9.5% to £4.0m*)
·     Managed Services division revenue up 56% to £1.7m (2017: 10% to £1.1m*)
·     Consulting Service division revenue up 27% to £3.1m (2017: 15% to £2.4m)
·     Gross Profit increase of 67% to £2.7m (2017: £1.6m*)
·     Adjusted EBITDA** loss of £0.6m (2017: loss of £2.9m**)
·     95 new Consulting Service clients secured
·     Successful up-selling in line with 'land and expand' strategy
·     Partner Programme launched, expanding reach and routes to market
·     Continued investment in proprietary AI software
* Restated for 2017 and showing like-for-like comparison, due to IFRS 15 adoption from 1 January 2018
** Adjusted EBITDA loss excludes one-off charges and share based charges (note 18)
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Ian Mann, CEO of ECSC, commented:
"We are delighted to report such strong organic growth for the full year, well ahead of the previous year, with continued emphasis on building our Managed Services recurring revenue supported by our Consultancy Services. The team continues to acquire new clients, deliver quality service, develop our technologies and build a solid base for ongoing growth. We believe we are well positioned to build on the strong organic growth achieved in 2018 and we look forward to the future with confidence."
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David Mathewson, Non-Executive Chairman, commented:
"The results reflect the extensive work completed internally within ECSC to control costs, implement improvements within sales, and leverage the capacity within the operational infrastructure. This improved performance is the result of a focussed and motivated team delivering strong growth, whilst keeping tight control over costs and cash management."
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Enquiries:
ECSC Group plc | +44 (0) 1274 736 223 |
Allenby Capital (Nominated Adviser and Broker) | +44 (0) 203 3285 656 |
Alma PR (Financial PR) | +44 (0) 203 4050 205 |
For more information please visit the following: https://investor.ecsc.co.uk/
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Chairman's Statement
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These strong results represent the second full year of trading since the IPO in December 2016. This organic growth has been driven by the successful execution of our strategy combined with a number of external factors: the continued incidence of high-profile cyber security breaches, the implementation of the new Data Protection Act in May 2018, incorporating the General Data Protection Regulations ("GDPR), and the increasing priority accorded to cyber security in corporate boardrooms generally.
Whilst we are yet to see the resulting fines imposed by the Information Commissioners' Office (ICO) under the new regulations, organisations of all sizes now understand the requirement of mandatory breach reporting and the impact of fines of up to 2% of global turnover for cyber security breaches.
The benefits of our restructuring efforts earlier in 2018 are demonstrated in our performance for the year. This has produced a 35% increase in revenue for the year, and a significantly reduced monthly cost base. We are generating a steady flow of new clients as well as repeat business from our established clients.Â
The results reflect the extensive work completed internally within the Company to control costs, implement improvements within sales and leverage the capacity within the operational infrastructure. This improved performance is the result of a focussed and motivated team delivering strong growth, whilst keeping tight control over costs and cash management.
The new ECSC Kepler Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, delivered through our global Security Operation Centres ("SOCs"), is central to the growth in the Managed Services Division. Clients increasingly recognise that 24/7/365 cyber security breach detection and expert incident response, is vital to the protection of personal information and maintenance of critical IT systems. For all but the largest global organisations, the outsourcing of these critical functions is the logical choice, and ECSC has the technology, expertise and processes to deliver.
I was delighted when we won another industry award recently for our managed security service, with regard to supporting systems requiring compliance to the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).
On behalf of the Board, I would like to thank all of our clients, staff and advisors for their continued support and commitment during the year.
ECSC is well positioned in a growing cyber security marketplace, and we look forward with confidence to broadening our base of clients and delivering improved operating results.
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David Mathewson
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Non-Executive Chairman
12 March 2019
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Chief Executive Officer's Review
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Strong growth was seen across all divisions, which reflects the extensive in-house expertise, development, investment from previous years, and a growing cyber security market.
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Consulting Division
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We are pleased to report that Consulting revenue has grown by 27% from the previous year, with significant new client acquisitions varying in organisation size and across a wide range of sectors. Additionally, over the period 67% of Consulting sales constituted repeat business, a testament to our focus on building strong client relationships and delivering excellent service.
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Cyber security testing continues to account for the largest proportion of our Consultancy sales and is typically the initial starting point for any client looking to improve their cyber security for the first time. Commonly, initial testing engagements lead to further sales across multiple service lines as a result of the Company's 'land and expand' strategy, facilitated by our consultative sales approach and comprehensive breadth of service.
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The requirement for companies to assess their businesses against recognised standards, including ISO 27001, PCI DSS, and Cyber Essentials, has continued to grow as organisations are increasingly required to demonstrate external verification of their cyber security capabilities to their customers, partners, and stakeholders.Â
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Managed Services Division
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The growth of Managed Services is central to the Company's ongoing growth strategy. Managed Services provided the Group with multi-year, recurring revenues which enhance the quality and visibility of earnings. We are delighted to report revenue growth of 56% within this division; which includes both recurring revenues (46% growth) and related incident response activities.Â
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Managed Services received significant investment in the year following the IPO, including the establishment of an additional SOC in Brisbane, Australia, allowing us to deliver true 24/7/365 security breach monitoring and response. The investment seems also allowed for the introduction of our Incident Response unit in London, hosting our Incident Response emergency equipment, thus enabling the Incident Response team to respond rapidly to our southern UK based clients. Furthermore, the investment allows for continued research and development into the ECSC proprietary AI software 'Kepler'. This technology is used extensively within our security devices to enable the identification, assessment and alerting of critical security events to the SOC teams for analysis and reporting to clients.
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The Board continues to see the Managed Services revenue stream as a priority for growth. With strong foundations now in place in terms of the technical infrastructure and in-house expertise, we are able to leverage the capacity of this division and to ensure that the Company is well placed to secure additional Managed Services contracts in the future.Â
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Vendor Products
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Sales of third-party vendor products, whilst growing at 36% represents only 4% of overall sales. Whilst this is not a strategic segment of the business, this continues to be a useful service for those clients requiring a trusted provider to source products on their behalf.
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Sales & Marketing
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Further improvements were made to the structure of the sales team in 2018, including changes to the sales management personnel.
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A significant focus has been placed on the management and ongoing training and development of the sales team, with monthly training introduced to provide a better understanding of our services and client needs.Â
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Additional resource in the marketing team has led to an increase in marketing activities, allowing for more effectively targeted campaigns. This additional resource enables the Company to identify and respond to new opportunities for growth within our existing client base and new clients alike. With sales and marketing activity aligned, we are witnessing stronger performance across both teams.
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Partner Programme
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In Q4 2018, we launched our Partner Programme, allowing IT Value Added Resellers to directly sell selected ECSC services whilst referring more complex projects to the ECSC sales team to deliver. In addition to our own partner recruitment, training and support we are also collaborating with an established distributor to leverage their existing partners and support systems to include ECSC services.
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The Board expects the continued expansion of the Partner Programme to have a positive impact impact on future growth.
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Technology Development
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We have continued to invest in ECSC's proprietary software in the year, including continued development of our Managed Services AI software that is embedded within many of our managed devices. The focus remains on delivery of our technology through Managed Services. This ensures we can provide end-users with a comprehensive offering including appropriate in-house resource, expert management and effective 24/7 monitoring.
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Market Prospects & Organic Growth Strategy
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The UK cyber security market continues to exhibit growth as highlighted in www.statista.com, and remains an attractive segment of the wider IT sector.
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Against this backdrop, we are confident that the organic growth strategy of ECSC remains appropriate. Managed Services remains the strategic focus of the Board, to build our recurring revenue streams and target the fastest growing segments of the market.
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Key Performance Indicators
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The following Key Performance Indicators were established in 2018 to enable meaningful measurements of the Group's performance:
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Performance Indicator | Â Rationale | Â 2018 | Â 2017 | Â Management Comment |
Revenue Growth | Measurement of the success of the organic growth strategy | Â 35% | Â 9%* | A strong year, compared with the long-term average of approximately 20% per year |
Managed Services Recurring Revenue Growth | Visibility of the success of increasing the percentage of revenue from long-term recurring revenues | Â 46% | Â 25%* | This reflects new contract wins, renewals and contract expansions |
Managed Services Recurring Revenue Proportion | Visibility of the success of increasing the percentage of revenue from long-term recurring revenues | Â 29% | Â 27%* | It remains the strategy to increase this proportion |
Managed Service Order Book | Combined measurement of new client contracts together with renewals of existing client contracts | Â ÂŁ2.5m | Â N/A | The best overall measure of progress and future managed services revenue |
Managed Services Gross Margin | Delivery efficiency measurement | 53% | 33%* | Measuring the increased leveraging of IPO investment in delivery capacity |
Consulting Repeat Revenue | Quasi-recurring from longer-term consulting clients | Â 78% | Â 68% | Given consulting growth of 27%, this represents significant client retention |
Consulting Gross Margin | Delivery efficiency measurement | 57% | 50% Â | A reflection on capacity required for growth and management of consultant workload |
Contract Liabilities | Contracted and invoiced revenue where performance obligations have yet to be settled | Â ÂŁ0.9m | Â ÂŁ0.8m* | This will reflect growth in long-term client relationships, particularly managed services |
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* Restated for 2017 and showing like-for-like comparison, due to IFRS 15 adoption from 1 January 2018
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Outlook
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We are delighted to report such strong organic growth for the full year, well ahead of the previous year, with continued emphasis on building our Managed Services recurring revenue supported by our Consultancy Services. The team continues to acquire new clients, deliver quality service, develop our technologies and build a solid base for ongoing growth. We believe we are well positioned to build on the strong organic growth achieved in 2018 and we look forward to the future with confidence.
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Going Concern
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Attention is drawn to Going Concern in the Financial Review
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Ian Mann
Chief Executive Officer
12 March 2019
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Financial Review
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Principal Activities
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The principal activity of the Group during the year continued to be the provision of professional cyber security services, including Consulting, Managed Services and the sale of Vendor Products.
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Comparative Financial Information
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The Comparative figures in these statutory accounts have been restated to adopt IFRS 15 (see note 4.3).
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 |  | Restated |
 | Year ended | Year ended |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
 |  |  |
Revenue | Â | Â |
Consulting | 3,122 | 2,449 |
Managed Service | 1,745 | 1,118 |
Vendor Products | 228 | 168 |
Other | 287 | 263 |
 | 5,382 | 3,998 |
Gross Profit | Â | Â |
Consulting | 1,783 | 1,228 |
Managed Service | 923 | 364 |
Vendor Products | 42 | 38 |
Other | (8) | 15 |
 | 2,740 | 1,645 |
EBITDA (Adjusted)* | Â | Â |
Other Income | 152 | 121 |
Sales & Marketing Costs | (1,817) | (2,545) |
Administration Expenses | (1,710) | (2,160) |
 | (635) | (2,939) |
EBITDA** | Â | Â |
Share Based Payments | (111) | (93) |
Exceptional Items | (120) | (275) |
 | (866) | (3,307) |
 |  |  |
Depreciation and Amortisation | (392) | (254) |
 |  |  |
Operating Loss Adjusted* | (1,027) | (3,193) |
Operating Loss | (1,258) | (3,561) |
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*Adjusted Operating Loss and EBITDA excludes one-off charges and share based charges (note 18)
**EBITDA is defined as Earnings before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortisation
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Adjusted KPI's are used by the Group in order to understand underlying performance and exclude items which distort compatibility, as well as being consistent with public broker forecasts and measures. The method of adjustments are consistently applied but may not be comparable with those used by other companies. Items that have been excluded include Share based charges and one-off charges.
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Revenue & Organic Growth
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Total revenue in the year ended 31 December 2018 was £5.38m, up 34.6% on the comparable prior period (revenue in the 12 months ended 31 December 2017 was £4.00m). Within this, Consulting revenue grew by 27% to £3.12m (2017: £2.45m).
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Managed Services division revenue rose by 56% in the year to ÂŁ1.75m (2017: ÂŁ1.12m). This includes Incident Response revenues which rose to ÂŁ0.18m (2017: ÂŁ0.05m).
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Vendor Products revenue in the year grew by 35.7% to ÂŁ0.23m, (2017: ÂŁ0.17m).
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Due to the adoption of IFRS 15, revenues (Managed Service) in 2017 was reduced by ÂŁ117k giving a contract liability of ÂŁ117k. Further information on the impact of IFRS 15 is included in Note 4.3 to the Financial Statements.
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Margin Generation
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Gross Profit for the year was ÂŁ2.74m, yielding a 51% margin (2017: ÂŁ1.65m, yielding a 41% margin). This was due to improved margins in both Consulting and Managed Service.
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The Consulting margin rose to 57% in the year (2017: 50%). This was due to the current pool of Consultants now better matched to our activity levels, the Board expects the Consulting margin to remain at a similar level in the future.
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The Managed Services margin rose to 53% (2017: 33%), with the increase being a direct result of new contracts utilising the capacity built in 2017.
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Cost Restructure & Exceptional Costs
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During the first quarter of the year ended 31 December 2018, the Directors continued to undertake a cost restructure to reduce the operating losses of the Group and reduce the rate of cash burn following the rapid scale-up of the previous year.
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The objective was to reduce the operating cost base by ÂŁ45,000 per month, which was achieved by reducing headcount and by stricter controls with regard overheads.
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In achieving these recurring cost savings, a number of one-off, exceptional costs were incurred, including payments in lieu of notice and lease cancellation costs. These exceptional costs totalled ÂŁ0.12m (2017: ÂŁ0.28k) (see note 19) in the year, the bulk of which were incurred in the first half of the year.
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EBITDA & Operating Loss
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Adjusted EBITDA for the year, which excludes one-off charges and share based charges, was a loss of ÂŁ0.64m (2017: loss of ÂŁ2.94m). EBITDA for the year was a loss of ÂŁ0.87m (2017: loss of ÂŁ3.31m).
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Adjusted Operating Loss for the year, which excludes one-off charges and share based charges, was ÂŁ1.03m (2017: loss of ÂŁ3.19m). The Operating Loss in the year was ÂŁ1.26m (2017: loss of ÂŁ3.56m).
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Cash Flow
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The cash balance at the start of the year was ÂŁ1.6m. During the year, the cash balance has fallen due to the EBITDA loss (ÂŁ0.87m), capital expenditure (ÂŁ0.15m), and development costs (ÂŁ0.18m).
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During the year, the Group received a refund of ÂŁ0.12m from HMRC in respect of a surrender of R&D Tax Credits from earlier periods.
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The cash balance at 31 December 2018 was ÂŁ0.65m. The closing cash balance is as budgeted, and together with more active management of the Company's debtors, provides a solid base for the Company's growth plans for the year ahead.
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Balance Sheet
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The Group's Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2018 had Net Assets of ÂŁ1.04m (2017: ÂŁ2.17m). Retained Earnings and Distributable Reserves as at 31 December 2018 were a cumulative loss of ÂŁ4.91m (2017: cumulative loss of ÂŁ3.68m).
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Going Concern
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The Directors have assessed the going concern status of the Group by reference to a number of factors. In particular, the Directors have considered the strong rate of growth in the cyber security market; the fact that business continues to attract new clients and is not overly dependent on any single client; the fact that the business continues to retain key staff following the restructuring, the fact that the business has no Corporation Tax liability to HMRC and that the Group has only modest financing facilities which are not subject to financial covenants. Moreover, having reduced the monthly operating losses significantly by way of the cost restructure, the rate of cash burn has also been significantly reduced.Â
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In undertaking their review, the Directors have prepared financial projections for the years ending 31 December 2019 and 2020, a review which assumed continued revenue growth and cost efficiency.
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In the event that this revenue and cost performance is not achieved, the Directors have also considered a sensitivity analysis based on lower revenue growth and have formulated contingency plans for this scenario, which enable the Group to preserve its financial resources.
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As such, the Directors have concluded that the cash balance at 31 December 2018 is sufficient to fund the ongoing growth and development of the Group and to meet its liabilities as they fall due for at least the next 12 months from the date of approval of the financial statements.
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IFRS 15
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The Directors adopted the application of IFRS 15: Revenue from contracts with customers from 1 January 2018, applying the fully retrospective method of transition. The core principle is that revenue should only be recognised as the client receives the benefit of the goods or services provided under a commercial contract, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the provider expects to be entitled for the transfer of the goods or services.
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Further information on the impact of IFRS 15 is included in Note 4.3 to the Financial Statements.
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Dividend
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The Board has not declared a dividend for the year ended 31 December 2018 (2017: ÂŁnil).
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David Mathewson
Non-Executive Chairman
12 March 2019
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Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 31 December 2018
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 |  |  | Restated* |  |
 |  | Year ended | Year ended |  |
 |  | 31 December | 31 December |  |
 |  | 2018 | 2017 |  |
 | Note | £'000 | £'000 |  |
 |  |  |  |  |
Revenue | 5 | 5,382 | 3,998 | Â |
Cost of Sales | Â | (2,642) | (2,353) | Â |
Gross Profit | 5 | 2,740 | 1,645 | Â |
Other Income | Â | 152 | 121 | Â |
Sales & Marketing Costs | Â | (1,817) | (2,545) | Â |
Administration Expenses | Â | (2,333) | (2,782) | Â |
 |  |  |  |  |
Operating Loss before Exceptional Items | Â | (1,027) | (3,193) | |
Share Based Payments | 15 | 111 | 93 | |
Exceptional Items | 19 | 120 | 275 | |
 |  |  |  |  |
Operating Loss | Â | (1,258) | (3,561) | Â |
Finance Income | Â | 1 | 6 | Â |
Loss before Taxation | Â | (1,257) | (3,555) | Â |
Taxation Credit | 6 | 19 | 29 | Â |
Loss for the Period | Â | (1,238) | (3,526) | Â |
 |  |  |  |  |
Other Comprehensive Income | Â | - | - | Â |
Total Comprehensive Income for the Period | Â | (1,238) | (3,526) | Â |
 |  |  |  |  |
Attributed to Equity Holders of the Company | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 |  |  |  |  |
Loss per Share | 7 | pence | pence | Â |
Basic Loss per Share | Â | (13.6) | (39.0) | Â |
Diluted Loss per Share | Â | (13.6) | (39.0) | Â |
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* The comparative figures have been restated in accordance with Note 4.3
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Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
As at 31 December 2018
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 |  |  | Restated* |
 |  | Year ended | Year ended |
 |  | 31 December | 31 December |
 |  | 2018 | 2017 |
 | Note | £'000 | £'000 |
ASSETS | Â | Â | Â |
Non-current Assets | Â | Â | Â |
Intangible Assets | 8 | 412 | 400 |
Property, Plant and Equipment | 9 | 427 | 539 |
Deferred Tax Asset | 6 | 4 | - |
Total Non-Current Assets | Â | 843 | 939 |
Current Assets | Â | Â | Â |
Inventory | Â | 18 | 53 |
Trade and Other Receivables | Â | 1,123 | 1,130 |
Corporation Tax Recoverable | Â | 155 | 122 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | 10 | 650 | 1,597 |
Total Current Assets | Â | 1,946 | 2,902 |
TOTAL ASSETS | Â | 2,790 | 3,841 |
LIABILITIES | Â | Â | Â |
Current Liabilities | Â | Â | Â |
Trade and Other Payables | Â | (1,709) | (1,596) |
Finance Leases | Â | (20) | (20) |
Total Current Liabilities | Â | (1,729) | (1,616) |
Non-Current Liabilities | Â | Â | Â |
Deferred Tax Liability | 6 | - | (15) |
Finance Leases | Â | (20) | (41) |
Total Non-Current Liabilities | Â | (20) | (56) |
TOTAL LIABILITIES | Â | (1,747) | (1,672) |
NET ASSETS | Â | 1,041 | 2,169 |
EQUITY | Â | Â | Â |
Equity attributable to Owners of the Parent: | Â | Â | Â |
Share Capital | 12 | 91 | 91 |
Share Premium Account | 12 | 5,661 | 5,661 |
Share Option Reserve | 12 | Â 186 | 93 |
Retained Earnings | 12 | (4,897) | (3,677) |
TOTAL EQUITY | Â | 1,041 | 2,169 |
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* The comparative figures have been restated in accordance with Note 4.3
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Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended 31 December 2018
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 |  | Share | Share |  |  |
 | Share | Premium | Option | Retained |  |
 | Capital | Account | Reserve | Earnings | Total |
 | £'000 | £'000 | £'000 | £'000 | £'000 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as at 31 December 2016 (as previously stated) | 90 | 5,512 | 0 | (51) | 5,551 |
IFRS15 adjustment (see note 5) | Â | Â | Â | (100) | (100) |
Balance as at 31 December 2016 (as restated) | 90 | 5,512 | 0 | (151) | 5,451 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss and Total comprehensive income: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Income for the year ended 31 December 2017 | - | - | - | (3,526) | (3,526) |
Transactions with shareholders | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Exercise of equity warrant | 1 | 149 | - | - | 150 |
Grant of Share Options | - | - | 93 | - | 93 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as at 31 December 2017 (as restated) | 91 | 5,661 | 93 | (3,677) | 2,168 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as at 31 December 2017 (as previously stated) | 91 | 5,661 | 93 | (3,460) | 2,385 |
IFRS15 adjustment (see note 5) | Â | Â | Â | (217) | (217) |
Balance as at 31 December 2017 (as restated) | 91 | 5,661 | 93 | (3,677) | 2,168 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss and Total comprehensive income: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Income for the year ended 31 December 2018 | - | - | - | (1,238) | (1,238) |
Transactions with shareholders | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Issue of shares | - | - | (18) | 18 | - |
Grant of Share Options | - | - | 111 | - | 111 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as at 31 December 2018 (as restated) | 91 | 5,661 | 186 | (4,897) | 1,041 |
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Consolidated Cash Flow Statement
For the year ended 31 December 2018
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 |  |  | Restated* |
 |  | Year ended | Year ended |
 |  | 31 December | 31 December |
 |  | 2018 | 2017 |
 | Note | £'000 | £'000 |
 |  |  |  |
Cash Flow from Operating Activities | Â | Â | Â |
(Loss) before Taxation | Â | (1,257) | (3,555) |
 |  |  |  |
Adjustment for: | Â | Â | Â |
Amortisation of Intangibles | 8 | 175 | 100 |
Depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment | 9 | 217 | 154 |
Loss on Disposal of Equipment | Â | - | 6 |
Share Based Payment | 15 | 111 | 93 |
Cash used in Operating Activities before | Â | Â | Â |
changes in Working Capital | Â | (754) | (3,203) |
 |  |  |  |
Change in Inventory | Â | 35 | (53) |
Change in Trade and Other Receivables | Â | (148) | (218) |
Change in Trade and Other Payables | Â | 111 | 233 |
 |  |  |  |
Cash used in Operating Activities | Â | (756) | (3,240) |
 |  |  |  |
Corporation Tax received | Â | 122 | 178 |
 |  |  |  |
Net Cash Flow used in Operations Activities | Â | (634) | (3,062) |
 |  |  |  |
Acquisition of Property, Plant and Equipment | 9 | (126) | (358) |
Disposal Proceeds | Â | - | 17 |
Development Costs capitalised | 8 | (187) | (137) |
Net Cash Flow used in Investing Activities | Â | (313) | (478) |
 |  |  |  |
Proceeds from Issuance of Shares | 12 | - | 150 |
 |  |  |  |
Net Cash used in Financial Activities | Â | - | 150 |
 |  |  |  |
Net (decrease)/increase in Cash & Cash Equivalents | Â | (947) | (3,390) |
 |  |  |  |
Cash & Cash Equivalents at beginning of period | Â | 1,597 | 4,987 |
 |  |  |  |
Cash & Cash Equivalents at end of period | 10 | 650 | 1,597 |
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Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2018
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1. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Corporate Information
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ECSC Group plc is incorporated in England and Wales and quoted on the London Stock Exchange's Alternative Investment Market (AIM: ECSC). Further copies of these financial statements will be available at the Company's registered office: 28 Campus Road, Listerhills Science Park, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1HR. These financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2018 were approved by the Board of Directors on 12 March 2019.
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2. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â General Information
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These financial statements may contain certain statements about the future outlook of ECSC Group plc. Although the Directors believe their expectations are based on reasonable assumptions, any statements about future outlook may be influenced by factors that could cause actual outcomes and results to be materially different.
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3. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Basis of Preparation
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These financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2018 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, International Accounting Standards and Interpretations (collectively 'IFRS') issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ('IASB') as adopted by the European Union ('adopted IFRS').
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The financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2018 (and comparatives) have been prepared on a consolidated basis. The consolidated financial statements present the results of the Company and its subsidiaries ('the Group') as if they formed a single entity. The financial statements of the Group and Company are both prepared in accordance with IFRS.
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The information in this preliminary statement has been extracted from the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2018 and, as such, does not contain all the information required to be disclosed in the financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS. The Group's Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2018 has yet to be delivered to the Registrar of Companies. The auditors have reported on these accounts. Their report was not qualified and did not contain a statement under Section 498 of the Companies Act 2006. The figures for the year ended 31 December 2018 and the ended 30 December 2017 do not constitute statutory accounts within the meaning of section 434 of the Companies Act 2006.
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The report of the auditor for the year ended 31 December 2018 was:
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·     unqualified;
·    did not include a reference to any matters to which the auditor drew attention by way of emphasis without qualifying their report; and
·     did not contain a statement under section 498(2) or (3) of the Companies Act 2006.
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The financial statements have been presented in thousands of Pounds Sterling (ÂŁ'000, GBP) as this is the currency of the primary economic environment that the Company operates in.
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The preliminary announcement was approved by the Board and authorised for issue on 12 March 2019.
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4. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Accounting Policies
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The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all periods presented, unless otherwise stated.
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4.1 Â Â Â Â Â Basis of Accounting
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The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except as stated.
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New standards, amendments to and interpretations to published standards not yet effective
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The Directors will adopt application of IFRS 16 "leases" from 1 January 2019, applying the fully retrospective method of transition. The core principle is to report information that represents lease transactions and provides a basis for users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.
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The adoption of the standard will effectively bring the leases onto the statement of financial position as a 'right of use asset and a lease liability. The rental charge is replaced by depreciation, which will be recognised on a straight line basis, and interest.
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The Directors have assessed the impact of IFRS 16 on the reported figures for the year ended 31 December 2018. If the standard had applied during that period, whilst reported cash flow would not have changed, it would have resulted in a reclassification of a proportion of operating lease costs from Administrative Expenses to the Amortisation charge, impacting EBITDA positively, with no change to Operating Profit. The value of the leases to be discounted as at 31 December 2018 is ÂŁ1.10m.
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4.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Going Concern
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The Directors have reviewed whether the Group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. In conducting this review, the Directors have considered a range of factors, including the market prospects for cyber security services, client relationships and dependency, supplier relationships and dependency, actual or potential litigation, staff retention and reliance, relationships with HMRC and regulators, financing arrangements, historic trading and cash flow performance, current trading and cash flow performance, and future trading and cash flow expectations. In undertaking their review, the Directors have prepared financial projections for the years ending 31 December 2019 and 2020, a review which assumed continued revenue growth and cost efficiency.
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In the event that this revenue and cost performance is not achieved, the Directors have also considered a sensitivity analysis based on lower revenue growth and have formulated contingency plans for this scenario, which enable the Group to preserve its financial resources.
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Based on this review, the Directors have concluded that the Group has adequate resources to meet its liabilities as they fall due and continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future, which is considered to be at least the next 12 months. Consequently, the Directors have adopted the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.
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4.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Revenue Recognition
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The Group has adopted application of IFRS 15 "Revenue from contracts with customers" from 1 January 2018, applying the fully retrospective method of transition. The core principle is that revenue should only be recognised as the client receives the benefit of the goods or services provided under a commercial contract, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the provider expects to be entitled for the transfer of the goods or services.
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The adoption of IFRS 15 has impacted the timing of the recognition of set-up revenues at the commencement of a new Managed Service contract. Under IAS 18, the set-up element of a Managed Service contract was recognised as revenue in full on delivery of the respective products and services, with the Managed Service element deferred and released to revenue over the term of the contract. Under IFRS 15, the set-up element also has to be deferred and recognised as revenue over the term of the contract.
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Performance obligations and timing of revenue recognition
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Revenue comprises the sales value of goods and services supplied during the year, exclusive of Value Added Tax and trade discounts. Revenue from the provision of Consulting services is recognised as services are rendered, based on the contracted daily billing rate and the number of days delivered during the period.
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Revenue from Pre-paid contracts are deferred in the balance sheet and recognised on utilisation of service by the client. Pre-paid revenue is included within Consulting in note 6. There has been no change in recognition compared to the previous policy and there are no financial component in revenue.
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Revenue from Managed Services contracts includes:
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Hardware - hardware revenue is recognised on delivery and is included within other revenue as set out in note 6. This is when control of hardware passes to the customer.
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Device build - Device build revenue is deferred and recognised on a straight line basis over the term of the contract. This represents a change in recognition under IFRS 15 compared to IAS 18, due to the performance obligation not being considered to distinct from management and monitoring performance obligation. Previously devise build was recognised as a set-up fee on completion of the work being performed.
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Configuration and installation - deferred and recognised on a straight line basis over the term of the contract. This represents a change in recognition under IFRS 15 compared to IAS 18, due to the performance obligation not being considered to distinct from management and monitoring performance obligation. Previously configuration and instalment was recognised as a set-up fee on completion of the work being performed.
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Licensing -Â deferred and recognised on a straight line basis over the invoice period, due to the performance obligation not being considered to distinct from management and monitoring performance obligation
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Management and monitoring -Â deferred and recognised on a straight line basis over the invoice period.
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Revenue from the sale of products (vendor) is recognised when control has passes to the customer, which is considered to occur when the software or hardware product has been delivered to the client.
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Determining the transaction price
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The Group's revenue is derived from fixed price contracts and therefore the amount of revenues to be earned from each contract is determined by reference to those fixed prices. Other than the change in recognition for configuration and instalments there have been no changes to revenue recognition on adoption of IFRS 15.
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Costs of obtaining long-term contracts and costs of fulfilling contracts
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Commissions paid to sale staff for work in obtaining the Managed Service contracts are prepaid and amortised over the terms of the contract on a straight line basis.
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Commissions paid to sale staff for work in obtaining the Prepaid Consultancy are recognised in the month of invoice.
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Transition
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The Group has adopted application of IFRS 15: "Revenue from contracts with customers" from 1 January 2018, applying the fully retrospective method of transition.
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 | Audit |  | Restated |
 | 2017 | IFRS | 2017 |
 | £,000 | £,000 | £,000 |
 |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income | Â | Â | Â |
Revenue | 4,115 | (117) | 3,998 |
 |  |  |  |
Statement of Financial Position | Â | Â | Â |
Trade and other payables | 1,380 | 216 | 1,596 |
 |  |  |  |
Opening equity at 1 January 2017 | 5,551 | (100) | 4,551 |
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Due to the adoption of IFRS 15, revenues (Managed Services) in 2017 were reduced by ÂŁ117k giving a contract liability of ÂŁ117k. Trade and other payable balance also includes ÂŁ99k of contract liability relating to 2016. EPS changes due to adoption is as follows, basic loss per share before restated (37.7), restated (39.0).
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Contract Balances
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 | Contract | Contract | Contract | Contract |
 | Assets | Assets | Liabilities | Liabilities |
 | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 | £'000 | £'000 |
 |  |  |  |  |
At 1 January | - | - | (829) | (388) |
 |  |  |  |  |
IFRS 15 adjustment | - | - | - | (216) |
 |  |  |  |  |
Commission expensed during the | Â | Â | Â | Â |
period | (13) | - | - | - |
 |  |  |  |  |
Commissions paid in advanced of | Â | Â | Â | Â |
contract completion | 62 | - | - | - |
 |  |  |  |  |
Recognised as revenue during the | Â | Â | Â | Â |
period | - | - | 2,129 | 1,225 |
 |  |  |  |  |
Invoiced in advanced of | Â | Â | Â | Â |
performance during period | - | - | (2,249) | (1,450) |
 |  |  |  |  |
 | 49 | - | (949) | (829) |
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Contract Assets balance of ÂŁ49k (2017: ÂŁnil) is included in the Trade Receivables. Contract Liabilities balance of ÂŁ949k (2017: ÂŁ829k) is included in Trade Payables.
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5. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Revenue and Segment Information
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The Group's principal revenue is derived from the provision of cyber security professional services.
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During this period, the Directors received information on financial performance on a divisional basis. The Directors consider that there are three reportable operating segments: Consulting (including Remote Support services), Managed Services, and Vendor Products. There were a small number of other transactions recorded during each period which are not considered to be part of either of the three reportable operating segments. These are presented below within the 'Other' caption and are not significant.
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The Directors do not receive any information on the financial position of each segment, including information on assets and liabilities. Accordingly, such information has not been presented.
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The Group is not reliant on any single client, with no single client accounting for 10% or more of revenue. All revenue recognised is derived from external clients.
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The Group has fixed assets located in the UK (cost of ÂŁ863k; NBV of ÂŁ398k) and Australia (cost of ÂŁ56k; NBV of ÂŁ29k). The Group's revenue and gross profit by operating segment for the year ended 31 December 2018 were as follows:
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 |  | Restated* |
 | Year ended | Year ended |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
 |  |  |
Revenue | Â | Â |
Consulting | 3,122 | 2,449 |
Managed Service | 1,745 | 1,118 |
Vendor Products | 228 | 168 |
Other | 287 | 263 |
Total Revenue | 5,382 | 3,998 |
 |  |  |
Gross Profit | Â | Â |
Consulting | 1,783 | 1,228 |
Managed Service | 923 | 364 |
Vendor Products | 42 | 38 |
Other | (8) | 15 |
Gross Profit | 2,740 | 1,645 |
 |  |  |
Operating Loss | (1,258) | (3,561) |
Finance Income | 1 | 6 |
Loss before Taxation | (1,257) | (3,555) |
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Revenue by country for the year ended 31 December 2018 was as follows:
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 |  | Restated* |
 | Year ended | Year ended |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
United Kingdom | 5,214 | 3,919 |
USA | - | 42 |
South Africa | - | - |
Eire | 46 | 16 |
France | 45 | 5 |
Egypt | - | - |
Channel Islands | 67 | 11 |
Czech Republic | 4 | 5 |
Switzerland | 6 | - |
 | 5,382 | 3,998 |
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The Group's United Kingdom revenue by operating segment for the year ended 31 December 2018 were as follows:
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 |  | Restated* |
 | Year ended | Year ended |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
Revenue United Kingdom | Â | Â |
Consulting | 2,970 | 2,380 |
Managed Service | 1,741 | 1,118 |
Vendor Products | 227 | 168 |
Other | 276 | 253 |
 | 5,214 | 3,919 |
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6.        Taxation
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Recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income
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 | Year ended | Year ended |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
Corporation Tax Charge/(Credit) | - | 5 |
Deferred Tax Credit | (19) | (34) |
Total Tax Credit | (19) | (29) |
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Reconciliation of Total Tax Charge Credit
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 |  | Restated* |
 | Year ended | Year ended |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
Loss before Tax | (1,257) | (3,555) |
UK Corporation at rate of 19.0% (2017 19.25%) | (164) | (658) |
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes | 2 | 2 |
Income not taxable for tax purposes | - | (14) |
Exercise of Share Options | (14) | - |
Over/under provision in prior period - Corporation Tax | - | 5 |
Over/under provision in prior period - Deferred Tax | (19) | (34) |
Tax losses on which Deferred Tax not recognised | 176 | 670 |
Total Tax Credit | (19) | (29) |
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Deferred Tax Assets & Liabilities
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 | Year ended | Year ended |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
Deferred Tax Assets | 119 | 95 |
Deferred Tax Liabilities | (115) | (110) |
Deferred Tax - Net Asset/(Liability) | 4 | (15) |
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Deferred Tax Assets of ÂŁ119K is recognised in respect of unutilised trading losses, Share Based Payments and short-term timing differences. Deferred Tax Liabilities of ÂŁ115k arise on timing differences in the carrying value of certain of the Company's assets for financial reporting purposes and for corporation tax purposes. These will reverse as the fair value of the related assets are depreciated over time. Deferred Tax balances have been calculated at the rate of 17%, being the rate of Corporation Tax rate expected to be in force when the timing differences reverse.
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Unutilised Trading Losses
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The Company continues to carry forward unutilised trading losses of ÂŁ4,747k (ÂŁ3,930k, 2017). A Deferred Tax Asset of ÂŁ807k (ÂŁ647k, 2017) has not been recognised as at 31 December 2018 in respect of the unutilised trading losses. No further Deferred Tax Asset has been recognised because the Board envisages that a significant period of time will be required to generate sufficient profits to utilise the trading losses carried forward.
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7.        Earnings per Share
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Basic Earnings per Share is calculated by dividing the Profit for the period attributable to Equity Holders of the Company by the weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding during the period ('Basic Number of Ordinary Shares').
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Diluted Earnings per Share is calculated by dividing the Profit for the period attributable to Equity Holders of the Company by the weighted average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding during the period plus the weighted average number of Ordinary Shares that would be issued on conversion of all the potential dilutive Ordinary Shares ('Diluted Number of Ordinary Shares'), subject to the effect of anti-dilutive potential shares being ignored in accordance with IAS 33.
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Adjusted Earnings per Share is calculated by dividing Adjusted Profit (after adding-back exceptional costs incurred in the period; see note 19) by Diluted Number of Ordinary Shares.
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The calculation of Basic, Diluted and Adjusted Earnings per Share is as follows:
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 |  | Restated* |
 | Year ended | Year ended |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
Net Loss attributable to Equity Holders of the Company | (1,238) | (3,526) |
Add back: Exceptional Costs | 120 | 275 |
Add back: Share Based Payments | 111 | 93 |
Adjusted Loss | (1,007) | (3,158) |
 |  |  |
Number of Ordinary Shares ('000) | Â | Â |
Initial Weighted Average | 9,047 | 8,994 |
Exercise Share Option | 14 | - |
IPO Placing | - | - |
Equity Warrant | 37 | 53 |
Basic Number of Ordinary Shares | 9,098 | 9,047 |
Weighted Average Dilutive Shares in Period | 458 | 129 |
Diluted Number of Ordinary Shares | 9,556 | 9,176 |
 |  |  |
Earnings per Share (pence): | Â | Â |
Basic Earnings per Share | (13.6) | (39.0) |
Diluted Earnings per Share** | (13.6) | (39.0) |
Adjusted Earnings per Share | (11.4) | (34.4) |
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* The comparative figures have been restated in accordance with Note 4.3
**In accordance with IAS 33, the effect of anti-dilutive potential shares has been ignored
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During the year ended 31 December 2018, Ordinary Shares were issued as follows:
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·   On 27 April 2018, David Mathewson, Non-Executive Chairman exercised his options over 6,411 ordinary shares in the Company at nil cost per share.
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·     On 2 May 2018, a former Director exercised options over 8,041 ordinary shares in the Company at nil cost per share.
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These share issues were taken into account in calculating the Basic Number of Ordinary Shares.
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During the year ended 31 December 2018, the following dilutive events have occurred:
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·     On 18 April 2018, the Company granted options over 200,000 Ordinary Shares to the Non-Executive Directors.
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·     On 7 August 2018, the Company granted options over 185,000 Ordinary Shares to selected employees, of which 180,000 remain outstanding as at 31 December 2018.
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These dilutive events were taken into account in calculating Diluted Number of Ordinary Shares.
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8.        Intangible Assets
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Development Costs
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Costs | ÂŁ'000 |
 |  |
As at 1 January 2017 | 567 |
Additions | 137 |
As at 31 December 2017 | 704 |
 |  |
As at 1 January 2018 | 704 |
Additions | 187 |
As at 31 December 2018 | 891 |
 |  |
Amortisation | Â |
 |  |
As at 1 January 2017 | 204 |
Charges for the year | 100 |
As at 31 December 2017 | 304 |
 |  |
As at 1 January 2018 | 304 |
Charges for the year | 175 |
As at 31 December 2018 | 479 |
 |  |
Net Book Value | Â |
 |  |
As at 31 December 2017 | 400 |
 |  |
As at 31 December 2018 | 412 |
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9.        Property, Plant and Equipment
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 | Leasehold | Office | Computer | Motor |  |
 | Property | Equipment | Equipment | Vehicles | Total |
 | £'000 | £'000 | £'000 | £'000 | £'000 |
Cost | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
At 1 January 2017 | 46 | 52 | 249 | 82 | 429 |
Additions | 53 | 67 | 299 | - | 419 |
Disposals | - | - | (1) | (33) | (34) |
At 31 December 2017 | 99 | 119 | 547 | 49 | 814 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions | 4 | 1 | 92 | 8 | 105 |
Disposals | - | - | - | - | - |
At 31 December 2018 | 103 | 120 | 639 | 57 | 919 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
At 1 January 2017 | 24 | 12 | 86 | 9 | 131 |
Charge for Period | 10 | 17 | 113 | 14 | 154 |
Disposals | - | - | - | (10) | (10) |
At 31 December 2017 | 34 | 29 | 199 | 13 | 275 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge for Period | 14 | 21 | 171 | 11 | 217 |
Disposals | - | - | - | - | - |
At 31 December 2018 | 14 | 21 | 171 | 11 | 217 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Book Value | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
At 31 December 2017 | 65 | 90 | 348 | 36 | 539 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
At 31 December 2018 | 55 | 70 | 269 | 33 | 427 |
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As at 31 December 2018, assets held under Finance Leases had a Net Book Value of ÂŁ40k (2017: ÂŁ61k). The depreciation charge of the respective assets in the year was nil (2017: ÂŁnil).
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10.      Cash & Cash Equivalents
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 | GROUP | GROUP |
 | As at | As at |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
Cash & Cash Equivalents | 650 | 1,597 |
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11. Â Â Â Â Â Secured Facilities
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The Group has been provided with payment facilities by Barclays Bank plc, including a BACS payment facility and a credit card facility. These payment facilities are secured by a debenture in favour of Barclays that creates fixed and floating charges over the assets of the Company.
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12.      Share Capital
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Ordinary Share Capital
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During the period ended 31 December 2018 the movement in Share Capital was:
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Ordinary Shares | Number of Authorised | Number of Shares Issued and Fully Paid | Ordinary Share Capital ÂŁ'000 |
 |  |  |  |
As at 1 January 2017 | 8,994,131 | 8,994,121 | 90 |
 |  |  |  |
Increase in Authorised Share Capital | 2,998,000 | - | - |
 |  |  |  |
Exercise of Equity Warrant | - | 89,941 | 1 |
 |  |  |  |
At at 31 December 2017 | 11,992,131 | 9,084,072 | 91 |
 |  |  |  |
As at 1 January 2018 | 11,992,131 | 9,084,072 | 91 |
 |  |  |  |
Exercise of Share Options | - | 14,425 | - |
 |  |  |  |
At at 31 December 2018 | 11,992,131 | 9,098,497 | 91 |
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On 22 June 2017, the Authorised Share Capital of the Company was increased by 2,998,000 by way of an Ordinary Resolution.
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On 9 June 2017, Stockdale Securities Limited exercised its Equity Warrant, subscribing for 89,941 new Ordinary Shares at an exercise price of 167 pence per share. This resulted in a capital inflow of ÂŁ150k and a credit to the Share Premium Account of ÂŁ149k.
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On 27 April 2018, David Mathewson, Non-Executive Chairman exercised options over 6,411 Ordinary Shares at nil cost per share.
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On 2 May 2018, a former Director exercised options over 8,041 Ordinary Shares at nil cost per share.
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Share Premium Account
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The balance of the Share Premium Account represents amounts received in excess of the nominal value (1 pence per share) of Ordinary Shares. This account is non-distributable.
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Share Option Reserve
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The balance of the Share Option Reserve represents the accumulated amounts charged to the Statement of Comprehensive Income in respect of Share Based Payments. This reserve is non-distributable.
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Retained Earnings
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The balance of the Retained Earnings account represents the accumulated retained profits or losses of the Group. This account is a distributable reserve, provided that the accumulated balance is positive.
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13.        Financial Instruments and Financial Risk Management
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The Group's and Company's principal financial instruments comprise:
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·     Cash and Cash Equivalents
·     Trade Receivables
·     Other Receivables
·     Intercompany Receivables
·     Trade Payables
·     Accruals
·     Intercompany Payables
·     Other Payables
·     Finance Lease Liabilities
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The Group's and Company's accounting policies, including the criteria for recognition, and the basis on which income and expenses are recognised in respect of each class of financial asset and financial liability. The information about the extent and nature of these recognised financial instruments, including significant terms and conditions that may affect the amount, timing and certainty of future cash flows, are disclosed in the respective notes where applicable. The Group and Company does not use financial instruments for speculative purposes.
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The principal financial instruments used by the Group and Company, from which financial instrument risk arises, are as follows:
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 | GROUP | GROUP |
 | As at | As at |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
Financial Assets | ÂŁ'000 | ÂŁ'000 |
Trade Receivables | 869 | 994 |
Other Receivables | 8 | 10 |
Intercompany Receivables | - | - |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | 650 | 1,597 |
 |  |  |
Total Financial Assets | 1,527 | 2,601 |
 |  |  |
Financial Liabilities | Â | Â |
Trade Payables | 170 | 130 |
Accruals | 205 | 277 |
Intercompany Payables | - | - |
Other Payables | 38 | 33 |
Finance Leases | 40 | 61 |
 |  |  |
Total Financial Liabilities | 453 | 501 |
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Fair Values
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The Directors have assessed that the fair values of Cash and Cash Equivalents, Trade Receivables, Trade Payables, Other Payables and Finance Leases approximate to their carrying amounts largely due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. There are no fair value adjustments to assets or liabilities charged to the Statement of Comprehensive Income.
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Market Risk
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Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in market prices. Market risk comprises three types of risk - commodity price risk, interest rate risk; and foreign currency risk. The Group and Company has limited exposure to each of these risks as discussed below.
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Capital Management
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The Group and Company manages its capital to ensure that it will be able to continue as a going concern while attempting to maximise the return to stakeholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity structure. The capital structure of the Group and Company consists of issued Share Capital, Retained Earnings and Finance Leases.
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The Group and Company do not generally enter into derivative transactions (such as interest rate swaps and forward foreign currency contracts) and has been throughout the period covered by these financial statements, the Group's and Company's policy that no trading in financial derivative instruments shall be undertaken.
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Credit Risk
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Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will cause a financial loss to the Group by failing to discharge its obligations to the Group. The Group manages its exposure to this risk by applying limits to the amount of credit exposure to any one counterparty and employs strict minimum credit worthiness criteria as to the choice of counterparty. The maximum exposure to credit risk for receivables and other financial assets is represented by their carrying amount. The Group considers credit risk to be low due to its processes and the nature of its clients, which includes a broad spread of large corporates, SMEs and public sector organisations.
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The Group uses an expected credit loss model for impairment that represents its estimate of incurred losses in respect of the Trade Receivables as appropriate.Â
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The Group applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measure expected credit losses using a lifetime expected credit loss provision for trade receivables and contract assets. The expected loss rates are based on the Group's historical credit losses experienced over the two year period prior to the period end.
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The historical loss rates are then adjusted for current and forward-looking information on macroeconomic factors affecting the Group's customer. Under the expected credit loss model impairment allowance wasn't material resulting in no provision being made.
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A reconciliation of the movement in the impairment allowance for receivables is shown below:
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 | £'000 |
Provision for and doubtful debts as at 1 January 2018 | 2 |
Amount released | (2) |
Amount provided | 0 |
 |  |
Expected credit loss provision as at 31 December 2018 | - |
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Trade Receivables
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Trade Receivables, net of impairment provisions, for the Group and Company as at 31 December 2018 were ÂŁ869k (2017: ÂŁ994k). These Trade Receivables are not secured by any collateral or credit insurance. The Group's standard terms are 30 days from date of invoice but non-standard terms may be agreed with certain customers. Invoices which remain unpaid for periods greater than agreed terms are assessed as overdue.
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As at 31 December 2018, Trade Receivables past due for the Group and Company total ÂŁ132k (2017: ÂŁ139k) of which ÂŁnil (2017: ÂŁ2k) have been impaired.
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As at 31 December 2018, Trade Receivables of ÂŁ132k (2017: ÂŁ139k) were past due but not impaired, as follows:
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 | GROUP | GROUP |
 | As at | As at |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
Up to 3 months | 131 | 113 |
3 months to 6 months | 1 | 24 |
6 months to 12 months | - | 2 |
 |  |  |
 | 132 | 139 |
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Cash Holdings
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The Group only holds cash at mainstream banking institutions to mitigate the credit risk on cash deposits. The credit rating of the principal banking institution is A (Standard & Poor's).
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Interest Rate Risk
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The Company's exposure to changes in interest rates relates to Cash Holdings and Finance Leases.
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Cash is held either on current or short term deposits at a floating rate of interest determined by the relevant bank's prevailing base rate.
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The outstanding balance of Finance Leases at 31 December 2018 was ÂŁ40k (2017:ÂŁ61k). This relates to a single facility at a fixed rate of interest.
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Interest Rate SensitivityÂ
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When reviewing sensitivity to movement in interest rates, it is noted that interest rates are at historically low levels and that Cash balances significantly outweigh debt balances.
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The Directors consider that any downward movement in interest rates would be immaterial to the Group. The Directors consider that an upward movement in interest rates would benefit the Group, although the impact of a 1% rise in interest rates would be immaterial.
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Foreign Currency Exchange Risks
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Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of the changes in foreign exchange rates. The Group's exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the Group's operating activities when revenue or expenses are denominated in a foreign currency.
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The Group does not hedge its foreign currencies. Transactions with customers are mainly denominated in GBP.
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The Group has suppliers that invoice in US dollars and Australian dollars.
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Liquidity Risks
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Liquidity risk arises from the Group's management of working capital. It is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting its financial obligations as they fall due. The Group's policy is to ensure that it will always have sufficient cash to allow it to meet its liabilities when they become due.
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The maturity profile of the Group's financial liabilities at the reporting dates, based on contractual undiscounted payments, are summarised below:
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 | As at | As at |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
US Dollars | 2 | 2 |
Australian Dollars | 4 | 5 |
 |  |  |
 | 6 | 7 |
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14.      Related Party Transactions
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ECSC Australia Pty Ltd
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During the year ended 31 December 2018, ECSC Group plc incurred management fees to ECSC Australia Pty Ltd of ÂŁ330k (2017: ÂŁ165k). As at 31 December 2018, the balance payable by ECSC Group plc to ECSC Australia Pty Ltd in respect of outstanding management fees was ÂŁ50k (2017:ÂŁ39k).
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During the year ended 31 December 2017, ECSC Group plc provided loans totalling ÂŁ100k to ECSC Australia Pty Ltd to fund the costs of establishing a Security Operations Centre in Brisbane, Australia. As at 31 December 2018, the loan balance payable by ECSC Australia Pty Ltd to ECSC Group plc was ÂŁ96k. The loan is repayable on demand and attracts interest at the rate of 3% over base rate.
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Directors Loans
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During the year ended 31 December 2017, there were no new loan advances to Directors.
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In January 2018, a loan totalling ÂŁ20k was granted to one Director. The loan was interest free and was fully repaid May 2018.
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15.      Share Based Payments
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Share Based Payment Schemes
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The Company operates a number of equity-settled Share Based Payment schemes, as follows:
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·     Enterprise Management Incentive ('EMI') Scheme
·     Save As You Earn ('SAYE') Share Option Scheme
·     Non-Executive Director Remuneration Scheme ('NED Scheme')
·     Non-Executive Directors Share Options ('NED1 Scheme')
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EMI Scheme
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May-2017
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The EMI Scheme provides the opportunity for eligible Directors and employees to buy Ordinary Shares at a future date in accordance with the scheme rules. The options are subject to the option holder's continuing employment, are not transferable and have a life of 10 years. All grants under the scheme are subject to approval by the Remuneration Committee.
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In May 2017, the Company granted options over 269,824 Ordinary Shares at an exercise price of 167 pence per share, subject to a three year vesting period, to 31 employees. There were no performance conditions attaching to this grant.
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Within this grant, Lucy Sharp, a Director of the Company, was granted options over 69,758 Ordinary Shares.
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During the year ended 31 December 2018, options over 15,810 Ordinary Shares (2017:79,524) options have lapsed, such that options over 174,490 Ordinary Shares remain exercisable in the future.
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December-2017
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In December 2017 the Company granted options over 148,000 Ordinary Shares at an exercise price of 140 pence per share, subject to a three year vesting period, to eight employees. There was a performance condition attaching to this grant.
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In order for the options to vest, the share price of the Company must grow by at least 10% pa on a compound basis over the three year vesting period from a start point of 140 pence per share. This is a one-off performance condition that shall be tested at the end of the vesting period, and does not require 10% growth in individual years of the vesting period. If an event occurs before the expiry of the vesting period that causes the option to become exercisable under the scheme rules, then the Remuneration Committee, in its sole discretion, may waive or modify downwards the performance condition at the time of early vesting.
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During the year ended 31 December 2018, options over 123,000 Ordinary Shares have lapsed, such that options over 25,000 Ordinary Shares remain exercisable in the future.
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August-2018
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In August 2018 the Company granted options over 185,000 Ordinary Shares a an exercise price of 93 pence per share, subject to a three year vesting period, to 14 employees. In order for the options to vest, the Ordinary Shares must trade at a minimum mid-market price of 200 pence per share over 30 consecutive trading days during the vesting period.
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During the year ended 31 December 2018, options over 5,000 Ordinary Shares have lapsed, such that options over 180,000 Ordinary Shares remain exercisable in the future.
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SAYE Scheme
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The SAYE Scheme provides the opportunity for eligible Directors and employees to buy Ordinary Shares at a future date at the end of a linked savings contract. The options are subject to the scheme rules, are not transferable and have a life of 10 years. All grants under the scheme are subject to approval by the Remuneration Committee.
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In November 2017, the Company granted options over 42,624 Ordinary Shares at an exercise price of 125 pence per share, subject to a three year vesting period, to 30 employees who applied to join the scheme.
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During the year ended 31 December 2018, options over 14,400 Ordinary Shares (2017: 1,440) have lapsed, such that options over 26,784 Ordinary Shares remain exercisable in the future.
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NED Scheme
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In October 2017, the Company agreed to alter the payment of service fees payable to its three Non-Executive Directors from monthly cash payments to the grant of nil exercise share options. Since the options are in lieu of cash payments, there are no performance conditions attaching to the grant of these options and they may be exercised on grant.
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During the period October 2017 to December 2017, the Company allocated options over 20,836 Ordinary Shares under this scheme. Within this total, Nigel Payne was allocated 8,014 options, Stephen Vaughan was allocated 6,411 options and David Mathewson was allocated 6,411 options.
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These options were not formally granted during the year ended 31 December 2017 but were granted in March 2018 publication of the financial results of the Company for the year ended 31 December 2017.
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From 1 January 2018, the payment of service fees has returned to monthly cash payments.
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In April 2018 options over 14,425 Ordinary Shares were exercised, such that options over 6,411 Ordinary Shares remain exercisable in the future. remain exercisable in the future.
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NED 1 Scheme
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In April 2018, the Company granted options over 200,000 Ordinary Shares as an exercise price of 78 pence per share, subject to a three year vesting period. Within this total David Mathewson was allotted 100,000 options and Elizabeth Gooch was allotted 100,000 options. In order for the options to vest, the Ordinary Share must trade at a minimum mid-market price of 200 pence per share over 10 consecutive trading days during the vesting period.
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Share Based Payment Charge
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In accordance with the requirements of IFRS 2, the Company calculated the fair value of the share options at the date of grant using a Black Scholes option pricing model for the EMI and SAYE Schemes. For the NED scheme, the fair value of the services rendered was assessed.
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A Share Based Payment charge is recognised by spreading the fair value of the option over the maturity period, with allowance made for options that have lapsed in the period.
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The movement in the number of options during the year, the option pricing assumptions, the option valuation at the grant date and the Share Based Payment Charge in the year, for each scheme described above, is as follows:
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Scheme | EMI | EMI | EMI | SAYE | NED | NED 1 | Total |
 | (May-17) | (Dec'17) | (Aug'18) |  |  | (Apr'18) |  |
Number of Options: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Outstanding at 01 January 2017 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted during the year | 269,824 | 148,000 | - | 42,624 | 20,836 | Â | 481,284 |
Forfeited during the year | (79,524) | - | - | (1,440) | - | - | (80,964) |
Exercised during the year | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Expired during the year | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at 31 December 2017 | 190,300 | 148,000 | - | 41,184 | 20,836 | - | 400,320 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercisable at 31 December 2017 | - | - | - | - | 20,836 | - | 20,836 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at 01 January 2018 | 190,300 | 148,000 | - | 41,184 | 20,836 | - | 400,320 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted during the year | - | - | 185,000 | - | - | 200,000 | 385,000 |
Forfeited during the year | (15,810) | (123,000) | (5,000) | (14,400) | - | - | (158,210) |
Exercised during the year | - | - | - | - | (14,425) | - | (14,425) |
Expired during the year | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at 31 December 2018 | 174,490 | 25,000 | 180,000 | 26,784 | 6,411 | 200,000 | 612,685 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercisable at 31 December 2018 | - | - | Â | - | 6,411 | - | 6,411 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Option Pricing Assumptions: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Pricing Model | Black Scholes | Black Scholes | Black Scholes | Black Scholes | Â | Black Scholes | Â |
Weighted Average share price at grant date (pence) | 312 | 135 | 93 | 131 | 125 | 79 | Â |
Weighted average exercise price (pence) | 167 | 140 | 93 | 125 | - | 78 | 603 |
Weighted Average contract life | 3 years | 3 years | 3 years | 3 years | 0 years | 3 years | Â |
Weighted Average risk free rate | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1% | Â |
Volatility | 40% | 40% | 40% | 40% | 40% | 40% | Â |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Option Valuation: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Option Valuation at grant date (ÂŁ'000) | 286 | 9 | 47 | 10 | 8 | 45 | 406 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share Based Payments Charge in 2018: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Share Based Payment Charge (ÂŁ'000) | 90 | 2 | 6 | 3 | - | 10 | 111 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted Average Exercise Price: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
At grant date, forfeit date and end of period (pence) | 167 | 140 | 93 | 125 | - | 78 | Â |
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The volatility assumption, calculated at the standard deviation of expected share price returns, is based on analysis of the share prices of comparable companies over the last 3-5 years.
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Exercise of Stockdale Warrant
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On 9 June 2017, Stockdale Securities Limited exercised its Equity Warrant granted in December 2016 over 89,941 shares at an exercise price of 167 pence per share. The share price on the day of exercise was 445 pence.
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16.      Commitments
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The Group's future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:
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 | As at | As at |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
Not Later than one year | 174 | 195 |
Later than one year and not later than five years | 503 | 520 |
More than five years | 478 | 44 |
 | 1,155 | 759 |
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17.      Controlling Party
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ECSC Group plc does not have an ultimate controlling party.
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18.       Adjusted Loss before Taxation and Adjusted EBITDA
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Adjusted Loss before Taxation
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 |  | Restated* |
 | Year ended | Year ended |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
Loss before Taxation | (1,257) | (3,555) |
Share Based Payments | 111 | 93 |
Exceptional Items | 120 | 275 |
Adjusted Loss before Taxation | (1,026) | (3,187) |
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Adjusted EBITDA:
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 |  | Restated |
 | Year ended | Year ended |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
 |  |  |
 |  |  |
Operating Loss | (1,258) | (3,561) |
 |  |  |
Depreciation and Amortisation | 392 | 254 |
 |  |  |
EBITDA** | (866) | (3,307) |
 |  |  |
Share Based Payments | 111 | 93 |
Exceptional Items | 120 | 275 |
 |  |  |
EBITDA (Adjusted)* | (635) | (2,939) |
 |  |  |
 |  |  |
 |  | Restated |
 | Year ended | Year ended |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
 |  |  |
 |  |  |
Operating Loss | (1,258) | (3,561) |
 |  |  |
 |  |  |
Share Based Payments | 111 | 93 |
Exceptional Items | 120 | 275 |
 |  |  |
Operating Loss Adjusted* | (1,027) | (3,193) |
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19.           Exceptional Costs
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During the year ended 31 December 2018, the Company continued to undertake a restructuring exercise to reduce its operating costs and mitigate its monthly operating losses. In achieving these recurring cost savings, a number of one-off, exceptional costs were incurred, including payments in lieu of notice and car termination costs. These Exceptional Costs totalled ÂŁ120k and were charged to the Statement of Comprehensive Income in the year ended 31 December 2018.
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Exceptional Costs are analysed as follows:
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 | As at | As at |
 | 31 December | 31 December |
 | 2018 | 2017 |
 | £'000 | £'000 |
Payments in Lieu of Notice | 76 | 185 |
Redundancy Payments | - | 5 |
Ex-gratia Payments | - | 37 |
Employee Benefit Expense | 76 | 227 |
Taxation & Social Security Costs | 12 | 23 |
Staff Related Costs | 88 | 250 |
Car Termination Costs | 11 | 18 |
Legal Costs | 21 | 7 |
 |  |  |
Exceptional Costs | 120 | 275 |
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20.   Subsidiary Undertakings
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ECSC Group plc currently has the following wholly-owned subsidiaries, which are incorporated and registered in England and Wales:
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Name of Subsidiary | Registered Office | Date of Incorporation | Principal Activity |
 |  |  |  |
ECSC Services Limited | 28 Campus Road Listerhills Science Park Bradford BD7 1HR | 18 April 2017 | Dormant |
 |  |  |  |
ECSC Labs Limited | 28 Campus Road Listerhills Science Park Bradford BD7 1HR | 18 April 2017 | Dormant |
 |  |  |  |
ECSC Australia Limited | 28 Campus Road Listerhills Science Park Bradford BD7 1HR | 29 September 2016 | Intermediary holding company |
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ECSC Australia Limited currently has the following wholly-owned subsidiary, which is incorporated and registered in Australia:
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Name of Subsidiary | Registered Office | Date of Incorporation | Principal Activity |
 |  |  |  |
ECSC Australia Pty Limited | Governor Phillip Tower Level 36 1 Farrer Place Sydney NSW 2000 | 20 March 2017 | Provision of professional cyber security services |
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The share capital of each Group entity is as follows:
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Entity | Ordinary Shares in Issue | Nominal Value | Investment at Cost |
ECSC Services Limited | 1 share | ÂŁ1 | ÂŁ1 |
ECSC Labs Limited | 1 share | ÂŁ1 | ÂŁ1 |
ECSC Australia Limited | 1 share | ÂŁ1 | ÂŁ1 |
ECSC Australia Pty Limited | 100 shares | AUD 1 | Â AUD 100 |
 |  |  |  |
Total | Â | Â | ÂŁ60 |
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* AUD = Australian dollars
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